_________ is incoming solar radiation intercepted by the Earth.
Answer: solar insolation
_________ is incoming solar radiation intercepted by the Earth.
Answer: solar insolation
Answer: solar insolation
_____ energy is from the sun.
_____ energy is from the sun.
Answer: radiant
______ energy is the ultimate source of energy for most life processes in the biosphere.
______ energy is the ultimate source of energy for most life processes in the biosphere.
Answer: solar
There are a lot of _______ in Greenland.
There are a lot of _______ in Greenland.
Answer: melt ponds
14,000 years ago the ____________ were covered by an ice sheet.
14,000 years ago the ____________ were covered by an ice sheet.
Answer: Great Lakes
The ____________ is the largest cluster of freshwater lakes and were carved by glaciers.
The ____________ is the largest cluster of freshwater lakes and were carved by glaciers.
Answer: Great Lakes
A(n) ____________ is a river too large or too small to have eroded the valley in which it flows.
A(n) ____________ is a river too large or too small to have eroded the valley in which it flows.
Answer: misfit stream
______ develop beneath glacial ice and lie parallel to the direction of movement.
______ develop beneath glacial ice and lie parallel to the direction of movement.
Answer: drumlins
______ are smooth, steep-sided, elliptical-shaped mounds.
______ are smooth, steep-sided, elliptical-shaped mounds.
Answer: drumlins
A(n) _____ is a hill or hummock composed of stratified sand and gravel laid down by glacial meltwater.
A(n) _____ is a hill or hummock composed of stratified sand and gravel laid down by glacial meltwater.
Answer: kame
A(n) _________ is a shallow, sediment-filled body of water formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters.
A(n) _________ is a shallow, sediment-filled body of water formed by retreating glaciers or draining floodwaters.
Answer: kettle
A(n) ________ is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel.
A(n) ________ is a long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel.
Answer: esker
A(n) _______ moraine occurs when a retreat stalls or by a minor readvancement of an ice sheet.
A(n) _______ moraine occurs when a retreat stalls or by a minor readvancement of an ice sheet.
Answer: recessional
A(n) ______ moraine is the outermost limit of an ice sheet and provides evidence of glacial extent.
A(n) ______ moraine is the outermost limit of an ice sheet and provides evidence of glacial extent.
Answer: terminal
A(n) _________ is a linear ridge of glacial drift.
A(n) _________ is a linear ridge of glacial drift.
Answer: moraine
____ are large boulders far from source.
____ are large boulders far from source.
Answer: erratics
___ are water-filled depressions.
___ are water-filled depressions.
Answer: lakes
______ topography is characterized by small depressions.
______ topography is characterized by small depressions.
Answer: Hummocky
____ is glacier-transported rock resting on different bedrock.
____ is glacier-transported rock resting on different bedrock.
Answer: erratic
_______ is meltwater deposits, which are sorted and stratified.
_______ is meltwater deposits, which are sorted and stratified.
Answer: outwash
____ is deposited directly by a glacier, not by melt water, and is unsorted and unstratified.
____ is deposited directly by a glacier, not by melt water, and is unsorted and unstratified.
Answer: till
_____ is any sediment deposited by a glacier.
_____ is any sediment deposited by a glacier.
Answer: drift
Plucking, abrasion, striations, and roche moutonnee are all forms of ___________.
Plucking, abrasion, striations, and roche moutonnee are all forms of ___________.
Answer: glacial erosion
The last glacial maximum occurred around _______ years ago.
The last glacial maximum occurred around _______ years ago.
Answer: 18,000
High O (this number) is characterized as being warm and wet.
High O (this number) is characterized as being warm and wet.
Answer: 16
High O__ (this number) is characterized as being cold and dry.
High O__ (this number) is characterized as being cold and dry.
Answer: 18
Cool weather causes temperatures to rise toward the base of the glacier and produces ______.
Cool weather causes temperatures to rise toward the base of the glacier and produces ______.
Answer: glacial creep
_____ weather causes glaciers to grow and occurs when ice is below freezing point.
_____ weather causes glaciers to grow and occurs when ice is below freezing point.
Answer: cool
Warm weather causes melt water to move to the base of the glacier and produces a ________.
Warm weather causes melt water to move to the base of the glacier and produces a ________.
Answer: basal slip
_____ weather causes glaciers to retreat and occurs when ice is at or near melting point.
_____ weather causes glaciers to retreat and occurs when ice is at or near melting point.
Answer: warm
____ glacial movement often results in a fracture of the ice.
_____ glacial movement often results in a fracture of the ice.
Answer: brittle
_____ glacial movement occurs when the central and upper portions of a glacier flow more quickly than those near the bottom and sides.
______ glacial movement occurs when the central and upper portions of a glacier flow more quickly than those near the bottom and sides.
Answer: plastic
Glacial _______ creates both depositional and erosional landforms.
Glacial _______ creates both depositional and erosional landforms.
Answer: movement
Glacial _________ is a type of glacial movement that includes abrasion and scouring.
Glacial _________ is a type of glacial movement that includes abrasion and scouring.
Answer: erosion and transport
A type of glacial movement, known as a glacial ______, causes glaciers to move tens of meters per day.
A type of glacial movement, known as a glacial ______, causes glaciers to move tens of meters per day.
Answer: surge
___ forms with further compression and recrystallization of ice.
___ forms with further compression and recrystallization of ice.
Answer: glacial ice
_____ snow is granular, compacted snow that is not quite considered as glacial ice.
_____ snow is granular, compacted snow that is not quite considered as glacial ice.
Answer: firn
Glacier ice is _______ by the melting and refreezing of ice in pore spaces.
Glacier ice is _______ by the melting and refreezing of ice in pore spaces.
Answer: recrystallized
Glacier ice is formed by _____ snow.
Glacier ice is formed by _____ snow.
Answer: compacted
Glacier ice forms when summer snow loss is _____ than winter gain.
Glacier ice forms when summer snow loss is _____ than winter gain.
Answer: less
Antarctica has __% of all Earth's ice.
Antarctica has __% of all Earth's ice.
Answer: 91
What two areas of land are covered by an ice sheet?
What two areas of land are covered by an ice sheet?
Answer: Greenland and Antarctica
Glaciers cover about __% of Earth's land area today, and about 30% in the past.
Glaciers cover about __% of Earth's land area today, and about 30% in the past.
Answer: 11
About __% of Earth's freshwater is tied up as ice.
About __% of Earth's freshwater is tied up as ice.
Answer: 77
North America's Glaciations occurred over the states of ________, __________, _________, and ________.
North America's Glaciations occurred over the states of ________, __________, _________, and ________.
Answer: Wisconsin, Illinois, Kansas, Nebraska
Nearly _______ years ago, all the ice was melted from America and only part of Canada was still covered by an ice sheet.
Nearly _______ years ago, all the ice was melted from America and only part of Canada was still covered by an ice sheet.
Answer: 10,000
Nearly _______ years ago, most of Canada and parts of America were covered by an ice sheet.
Nearly _______ years ago, most of Canada and parts of America were covered by an ice sheet.
Answer: 18,000
The Ice Age occurred during the _________ era.
The Ice Age occurred during the _________ era.
Answer: pleistocene
The ________ period is a warm period between glacial periods.
The ________ period is a warm period between glacial periods.
Answer: interglacial
Deglaciation, also known as glacial retreat, is a result of ______ climatic conditions.
Deglaciation, also known as glacial retreat, is a result of ______ climatic conditions.
Answer: warming
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